What's in a name? - Guinea Pig or Cavy
Both "guinea pig" and "cavy" are correct names for the small domesticated rodents that belong to the Cavia genus. However, there are some differences in usage and regional preferences.
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"Guinea pig" is the more common and widely recognized term used in English-speaking countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom.
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"Cavy" is also correct and is commonly used by breeders, enthusiasts, and in some South American countries where these animals originated from. In scientific contexts, "cavy" is the term used as an alternative name for the domesticated guinea pig (Cavia porcellus).
So, both names are acceptable, but "guinea pig" is generally more commonly used in everyday conversation and writing.
Origin and History
The guinea pigs has a fascinating origin that traces back to the Andean region of South America, specifically the area that includes present-day Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Colombia. These adorable rodents were domesticated thousands of years ago by ancient Andean civilizations, including the Inca people. It played a significant role in their culture and was not only kept as a pet but also used for religious ceremonies. Due to its long history of domestication and its importance to the ancient Andean civilizations, the guinea pig is considered one of the earliest domesticated animals.
European explorers later encountered guinea pigs in the 16th century during their expeditions to the New World. They were brought back to Europe and quickly gained popularity among the elite as exotic pets. Their charming personalities and gentle nature endeared them to people worldwide, leading to their spread as beloved companions. Queen Elizabeth I herself owned a pet cavy, which may have contributed to its popularity.
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The history of guinea pigs in India is relatively recent, and they are not native to the country. Guinea pigs were first introduced to India as pets and research animals. The exact date of their introduction is not well-documented, but it is believed to have occurred in the 20th century.
Guinea pigs were initially brought into India primarily for scientific research purposes in laboratories and universities. As urbanisation increased and more people started living in apartments and smaller homes, the demand for small pets that required less space and were relatively low-maintenance also grew. Guinea pigs fit this description well, as they are not only compact but also generally friendly and social animals that can form strong bonds with their human caretakers.
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Today, guinea pigs are kept as pets in various parts of India. While they might not have a long history in India, guinea pigs are making a significant impact in the pet world by bringing joy and companionship to countless families across the country.
Anatomy
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Size and Body: Guinea pigs are small, chubby rodents with round bodies and no tail. They typically measure around 8 to 10 inches (20 to 25 centimeters) in length.
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Fur: They have soft fur that comes in various colors and patterns, including short or long-haired varieties.
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Head: Their cute heads have large, expressive eyes, small ears, and a pair of incisor teeth that continuously grow throughout their lives.
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Legs and Paws: Guinea pigs have four short legs with padded paws, each equipped with four toes on the front feet and three toes on the hind feet.
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Whiskers: Whiskers, or vibrissae, on their face, help them sense their environment.
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Digestive System: They are herbivores with a simple stomach and a complex digestive system to break down plant-based food.
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Reproductive System: Male guinea pigs have a pair of testicles, and females have a Y-shaped reproductive tract.
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Lifespan: On average, guinea pigs live 5 to 7 years, but with proper care, they can live longer.
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Vocalizations: Guinea pigs are vocal animals, communicating with various sounds like squeaks, purrs, and chirps.
Behaviour
Guinea pigs exhibit charming and distinctive behaviors that make them delightful companions:
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Vocalisations: They communicate through various sounds, like squeaks (happiness or excitement), purrs (contentment), and chatters (nervousness).
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Social Creatures: Guinea pigs are social and prefer companionship. They enjoy interacting with humans and other guinea pigs.
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Popcorning: When excited or joyful, they perform joyful leaps and twists, known as "popcorning."
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Snuggling: Guinea pigs love to snuggle with each other or their owners, seeking warmth and comfort.
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Exploration: Curious creatures, they enjoy exploring their environment, so provide them with ample playtime and space.
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Chewing: Their continuously growing teeth require constant chewing, so they enjoy gnawing on toys and hay.
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Grooming: Guinea pigs groom themselves and their cage mates as a sign of bonding and affection.
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Hiding: They may hide when feeling scared or insecure, so ensure they have cozy hiding spots.
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Nibbling Fingers: Gentle nibbling of fingers is their way of investigating and showing affection.
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Synchronized Habits: In groups, they synchronize their activities, like eating and sleeping.
Breed
There are around 13 recognised breeds of guinea pigs, each with its own unique characteristics and traits. Some common guinea pig breeds include:
American Guinea Pig: The most common breed with a short, smooth coat.
Abyssinian Guinea Pig: Known for its rosettes, or swirls, in its fur.
Peruvian Guinea Pig: Has long, silky hair that requires regular grooming.
Teddy Guinea Pig: Sports a dense, curly coat, resembling a teddy bear.
Skinny Pig: Almost hairless with just a little fuzz on its body.
Texel Guinea Pig: Has long, curly hair all over its body.
Silkie Guinea Pig: Possesses long, straight hair that stands up along its back.
Coronet Guinea Pig: Similar to the Silkie, but with a rosette on its forehead.
If you are interested in getting a particular guinea pig breed, it is best to check with local breeders, pet stores, or animal rescue organisations in your area to inquire about the availability of the specific breed you are looking for. Additionally, always ensure that you are sourcing your guinea pig from reputable and responsible sources that prioritize the health and well-being of the animals.
Understanding Guinea Pig's mood
Guinea pigs can display a range of moods and behaviors that communicate their feelings and emotions. Here are some common moods you might observe in guinea pigs:​
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GOOD BEHAVIOURS
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Happy/Content: A content guinea pig will display relaxed body language, may emit soft purring sounds, and show interest in their surroundings.
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Curious: Guinea pigs are naturally curious animals, and when they are curious, they will explore their environment and investigate new objects or scents.
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Playful: Guinea pigs can be playful and engage in activities like zoomies (running around fast), popcorning (excited leaping and twisting), and tossing toys.
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Affectionate: Guinea pigs can show affection to their owners or cage mates through gentle grooming, nibbling, and seeking physical contact.
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Relaxed: When feeling safe and comfortable, guinea pigs will exhibit relaxed body language, lie down, and may even take naps.
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CONCERNS :
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Nervous/Stressed: When feeling nervous or stressed, guinea pigs may freeze in place, hide in a sheltered area, or show signs of teeth chattering or rapid breathing.
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Fearful: A fearful guinea pig may display signs of unease, such as crouching low to the ground, seeking hiding spots, or attempting to flee from perceived threats.
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Agitated/Irritated: An agitated guinea pig might display behaviors like teeth chattering, mounting, or even nipping when feeling annoyed or during dominance displays.